منابع مشابه
Smoker and ex-smoker reactions to cigarettes claiming reduced risk.
CONTEXT The tobacco industry is introducing modified tobacco products claiming to reduce the risk of smoking (potential reduced exposure products, PREPs). If PREPs are perceived as safe, they may deter smokers from quitting and encourage re-initiation by smokers who have quit. OBJECTIVE To assess smokers' and ex-smokers' perceptions of PREPs and the impact of PREP claims on interest in quitti...
متن کاملComparison of Physical Fitness among Smoker and Non-Smoker Men
Background: It is well documented that cigarette smoking has negative impacts on body health, as well as social health, economy, culture, etc. Nowadays, there is a large body of evidence that smoking is the cause of numerous life-threatening diseases like cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases along with different kinds of cancer. The aim of this study was to compare the physical fitness of smok...
متن کاملComparison of Physical Fitness among Smoker and Non-Smoker Men
BACKGROUND It is well documented that cigarette smoking has negative impacts on body health, as well as social health, economy, culture, etc. Nowadays, there is a large body of evidence that smoking is the cause of numerous life-threatening diseases like cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases along with different kinds of cancer. The aim of this study was to compare the physical fitness of smoke...
متن کاملSmoking and socioeconomic status in England: the rise of the never smoker and the disadvantaged smoker.
BACKGROUND Since 2000 various tobacco control measures have been implemented in the UK. Changes in the smoking status of low and high socioeconomic status (SES) groups in England during this period (2001-08) are explored. METHODS Secondary analysis of the Health Survey for England general population samples was undertaken. Over 88 000 adults, age 16 or over, living in England were included. S...
متن کاملSemen parameters of non-infertile smoker and non-smoker men
INTRODUCTION According to the world Health organization, approximately one third of the world` population older than 15 years are smokers. Evidences indicate that both in men and in women, cigarette smoking affects reproductive health more than the consumption of caffeine or alcohol in comparable doses. The mechanisms according to which tobacco affects spermatozoa are poorly understood. Some of...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: BMJ
سال: 1986
ISSN: 0959-8138,1468-5833
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.292.6514.215